Sequence Batch Reactor (SBR)

Sequence Batch Reactor (SBR) is one of the biological wastewater treatment technologies that works in batches (bulk system), in contrast to continuous-flow reactors such as continuous-flow activated sludge.

Here is the detailed explanation:

Definition of Sequence Batch Reactor (SBR)

SBR is a variation of the activated sludge process that treats wastewater in one tank sequentially through several phases.
The process occurs cyclically with the main stages:

1. Fill - Wastewater is introduced into the reactor.

2. React - Aeration is provided so that the microorganisms decompose the organic matter.

3. Settle - Aeration is stopped, sludge settles to the bottom.

4. Decant - Clear water in the top layer is discharged out.

5. Idle - Waiting time before the next cycle starts (optional).

In other words, SBR combines the processes of aeration, sedimentation, and wastewater separation in the same tank, but done in turn.

Advantages of SBR

• High flexibility: able to handle variations in discharge and pollutant load.

• Land saving: only needs one reactor, no separate sedimentation basin.

• Good effluent quality: can be optimized for nitrification-denitrification (nitrogen removal) and phosphorus removal.

• Easy automation: suitable for systems with timer-based or PLC control.

Application of SBR

SBR is widely used for:

• Domestic wastewater treatment (housing, hotels, hospitals, small industrial estates).

• Industrial wastewater treatment such as food & beverage, pharmaceutical, textile, paper, petrochemical.

• Decentralized systems or small to medium scale wastewater treatment plants.

• Engineered nutrient treatment (N & P) in plants that require strict effluent quality standards.