Chemical

Chemicals for water treatment are chemicals used in the water treatment process to improve water quality - both raw water (before use) and wastewater (before discharge). The purpose can be to remove impurities, odor, color, microorganisms, or heavy metals, so that the water meets certain standards (for example for consumption, industry, or the environment).

Here's an explanation of the main types:

1. Coagulant

Function: Agglomerates fine particles so that they settle easily.
Example:

• Aluminum Sulfate (Alum)

• PAC (Poly Aluminum Chloride)

• Ferrous Sulfate / Ferric Chloride

Generally used in the early stages of water treatment (clarifier or sedimentation).

2. Flocculant

Function: Helps the process of forming flocs (clots) so that particles settle faster.
Example:

• Anionic polymers

• Cationic polymers

• Non-ionic polymers

Usually used after coagulants.

3. Disinfectant

Function: Kills bacteria, viruses, and harmful microorganisms.
Example:

• Chlorine (NaOCl, Ca(OCl)₂)

• Ozone (O₃)

• UV sterilization (without chemicals)

4. pH Adjustment Materials

Function: Stabilize the pH so that the treatment process runs optimally.
Example:

• Lime (Ca(OH)₂) - raises the pH

• Soda ash (Na₂CO₃) - raises pH

• Sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) or hydrochloric acid (HCl) - lowers the pH

5. Anti-Scalant & Anti-Corrosion

Function: Prevents scaling and corrosion of pipes or membranes (specifically in RO systems).
Example:

• Phosphonate

• Polyacrylate

• Silicates

6. Oxidizer & Reductor Materials

Function: Removes iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), or harmful compounds.
Example:

• Potassium permanganate (KMnO₄)

• Sodium bisulfite (NaHSO₃)

7. Materials for Wastewater Treatment

Used to neutralize and reduce levels of organic matter or heavy metals.
Example:

• Polymer flocculants

• Microbial nutrients (for biological processes)

• Neutralization materials such as NaOH or HCl