Mining

1. Mine as a location

A mine is an area where mining activities are carried out to extract minerals such as:

Metallic minerals, such as gold, copper, nickel, tin and iron.
Non-metallic minerals, such as limestone, sand and granite.
Fossil fuels, such as coal, petroleum and natural gas.

Example: Coal mines in South Kalimantan or gold mines in Papua (Grasberg).

2. Mining as an activity

Mining is the process or activity of extracting minerals from the earth. The stages of mining activities usually include:

Exploration - finding and researching potential resources.
Exploitation/Mining - extracting mining materials from the ground.
Processing - separating valuable minerals from rocks.
Reclamation - repairing former mining land so that it can be used again.

3. Types of mines based on how they are extracted

Open pit mining - excavation is done at ground level.
Examples: coal mine, nickel mine.
Underground mining - excavation is done in the ground with tunnels.
Example: gold mine, copper mine.