Mixed Bed
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Definition of Mixed Bed
Mixed bed is a column or tank that contains a mixture of cation resins and anion resins in one container. These resins function to exchange ions contained in water, thus producing water with a very high level of purity (usually used in industries such as power plants, pharmaceuticals, or electronics).
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Cation resins: Exchanges positive ions such as Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Na⁺ with H⁺ ions. 
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Anion resin: Exchanges negative ions such as Cl-, SO₄²-, NO₃- with OH- ions. 
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When H⁺ and OH- combine, pure water (H₂O) is formed. 
Working Principle
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Water that has gone through the cation exchanger and anion exchanger process (usually in a two-stage system) enters the mixed bed. 
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In the mixed bed column, the water contacts a mixture of cation and anion resins evenly. 
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These resins complete the deionization process, removing any residual ions that may still be present. 
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The output of the mixed bed usually has a conductivity of <0.1 µS/cm, which means it is very pure. 
Mixed Bed Resin Regeneration
Once saturated, the resin can no longer exchange ions and must be regenerated:
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Cation resins are regenerated with strong acids (usually HCl or H₂SO₄). 
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Anion resins are regenerated with a strong base (usually NaOH). 
 However, because the resins are already mixed, regeneration is carried out after the resins are separated first (usually by specific gravity difference and water flow in a certain direction).
Mixed Bed Applications
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Steam power plants - boiler feed water. 
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Semiconductor and electronics industry - ultrapure water. 
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Pharmaceutical and laboratory - water for sensitive processes. 
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Reverse osmosis (RO) system polishing - final stage of water quality refinement. 
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